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1、Discharge depth
Depth of discharge, that is, the use of the process of discharge to what extent to start to stop. 100% depth refers to the discharge of the full capacity. Lead-acid battery life is greatly affected by the depth of discharge, the focus of design considerations is deep cycle use, shallow cycle use or float use. If the shallow cycle battery is used for deep cycle use, the lead-acid battery will fail quickly.
Because the positive active substance lead dioxide itself is not firmly combined with each other, when discharged to generate lead sulfate, charging and back to lead dioxide, lead sulfate molar volume is larger than the lead oxide, then the active substance volume expansion when discharged. If one mole of lead oxide is converted to one mole of lead sulfate, the volume increases by 95%. This repeated contraction and expansion, it makes the mutual bond between the lead dioxide particles gradually relaxed, easy to fall off. If one mole of lead dioxide active substance only 20% discharge, the degree of contraction and expansion is greatly reduced, the bond destruction becomes slow. Therefore, the deeper the discharge depth, the shorter the cycle life.
2, the degree of overcharging
When overcharging, a large amount of gas precipitation, the positive plate active material suffered gas impact, this impact will promote the active material off; In addition, the positive plate grid alloy also suffered serious anodic oxidation and corrosion, so the battery overcharge will shorten the application period.
3、Temperature influence
Lead-acid battery life with the temperature increases and extends. Between 10 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, every 1 ℃, an increase of about 5 ~ 6 cycles, between 35 ℃ ~ 45 ℃, every 1 ℃ can extend the life of more than 25 cycles, higher than 50 ℃ due to the negative electrode sulfide capacity loss and reduce the life.
Battery life increases with temperature within a certain temperature range because capacity increases with temperature. If the discharge capacity remains unchanged, the depth of discharge decreases when the temperature rises, and the solid life is prolonged.
4、Effect of sulfuric acid concentration
Acid density increases, although the positive plate capacity is favorable, but the battery self-discharge increases, the corrosion of the plate grid is also accelerated, but also contributed to the loose lead dioxide off, with the increase in the density of acid used in the battery, the cycle life decreases.
5, the impact of discharge current density
With the increase of discharge current density, the life of the battery decreases, because in the high current density and high acid concentration conditions, prompting the anode lead dioxide loose off.
(1) Avoid direct contact between batteries and metal containers. Acid-proof and heat-resistant materials should be used, otherwise they may cause smoking or burning.
(2) Charge the battery under specified conditions using the specified charger, otherwise it may cause overheating, deflation, leakage, burning or rupture.
(3) Do not install the battery in a sealed device, or it may rupture the device Pu.
(4) When using the battery in medical equipment, install a backup power source other than the main power source, or failure of the main power source may cause injury.
(5) Keep the battery away from spark-producing equipment, otherwise sparks may cause the battery to smoke or rupture.
(6) Do not place the battery near a heat source (e.g., transformer), or it may cause overheating, leakage, burning, or rupture.
(7) When the number of batteries in the application is more than one, make sure that there is no error in the connection between the batteries and that there is no error in the connection with the charger or the load, otherwise it may cause rupture, burning or battery damage, and in some cases, injury.
(8) Take special care not to drop the battery on your foot.
(9) The specified range of use of the battery is as follows. Exceeding this range may cause battery damage.
The normal operating range of the battery is 77.F (25°C)
After discharging the battery (in equipment): 5.F to 122.F (-15°C to 50°C)
After charging: 32.F to 104.F (0°C to 40°C)
In storage: 5.F to 104.F (-15°C to 40°C)
(10) Do not leave the battery mounted on the locomotive in high temperatures, direct sunlight, or in front of a stove or fire, as this may cause the battery to leak, catch fire, or rupture.
(11) Do not use the battery in a dust-filled area, which may cause the battery to short-circuit. When using the battery in a dusty environment, check the battery periodically.
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